El uso de inteligencia artificial en el análisis forense de imágenes y videos en investigaciones criminales: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59956/escpograpnpv5n1.1Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial, análisis forense digital, videos forenses, redes neuronales, reconocimiento facial, evidencia digitalResumen
El propósito de este estudio fue analizar el uso de inteligencia artificial en el análisis forense de imágenes y videos dentro de las investigaciones criminales. Para alcanzar este objetivo se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, considerando literatura publicada entre 2018 y 2025 en bases de datos como IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ScienceDirect y SpringerLink. La selección incluyó artículos con aplicaciones prácticas y evidencia empírica relacionados con técnicas de visión computacional, redes neuronales y aprendizaje profundo. Los hallazgos muestran que la inteligencia artificial ha mejorado de manera notable la autenticación de material audiovisual, la detección de deepfakes, la identificación facial y la optimización del análisis de video, permitiendo automatizar procesos y superar en algunos casos el rendimiento humano. Sin embargo, persisten limitaciones vinculadas con la calidad de los datos, la explicabilidad de los algoritmos, los sesgos en los modelos y la escasa estandarización de datasets. En conclusión, la inteligencia artificial constituye un complemento fundamental para la labor pericial, pero su implementación requiere validación científica, transparencia, regulación legal y formación especializada que garanticen un uso ético y responsable.
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